Skip to content

Criss Cross Classes

Our Content is Our Power

Menu
  • Home
  • CBSE
    • Hindi Medium
      • Class 9
      • Class 10
      • Class 11
      • Class 12
    • English Medium
      • Class 9
      • Class 10
      • Class 11
      • Class 12
  • State Board
    • UP Board (UPMSP)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Bihar Board (BSEB)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Chhattisgarh Board (CGBSE)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Haryana Board (HBSE)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Jharkhand Board (JAC)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Uttarakhand Board (UBSE)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Madhya Pradesh Board (MPBSE)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Punjab Board (PSEB)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
    • Rajasthan Board (RBSE)
      • Hindi Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
      • English Medium
        • Class 9
        • Class 10
        • Class 11
        • Class 12
  • NIOS
    • Class 10
    • Class 12
  • E – Books
    • PDF
      • Class 12
      • Class 11
    • Printed Books
  • Contact us
  • About us
Menu

Home » Class 12 Geography Notes in English » Transport and Communication (Ch-7) Notes in English || Class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 in English ||

Transport and Communication (Ch-7) Notes in English || Class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 in English ||

Posted on 28/02/202528/02/2025 by Anshul Gupta

Chapter – 7

Transport and Communication

In this post we have given the detailed notes of class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 (Transport and Communication) in English. These notes are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Criss Cross Classes Book
Printed Books Are Available Now!
BoardCBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
TextbookNCERT
ClassClass 12
SubjectGeography Book 2
Chapter no.Chapter 7
Chapter Name(Transport and Communication)
CategoryClass 12 Geography Book 2 Notes in English
MediumEnglish

Class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 Transport and Communication in English
Explore the topics
  • Chapter – 7
  • Transport and Communication
  • Chapter 7: Transport and Communication
    • Introduction
    • Means of Transport
      • Land Transport:
      • Water Transport:
      • Air Transport:
      • Pipelines:
    • Communication Networks
      • Personal Communication:
      • Mass Communication:
    • Important Dates
  • More Important Links

Chapter 7: Transport and Communication

Introduction

  • We use many things daily, from toothpaste to food, which are brought from their production sites to the markets where we buy them.  
  • This movement of goods and people is called transportation.  
  • We also transport ideas and messages through communication.  
  • The use of transport and communication depends on our need to move things and information from where they are available to where they are needed.  

Means of Transport

  • Land Transport:

    • Road Transport:
      • India has one of the world’s largest road networks, with about 62.16 lakh km of roads.  
      • Roads are classified by how they’re built and maintained:
        • National Highways (NH): Main roads maintained by the Central Government for interstate travel and defense purposes. They connect state capitals, big cities, ports, and railway junctions.  
        • State Highways (SH): Constructed and maintained by state governments, connecting state capitals with district headquarters.  
        • District Roads: Connect district headquarters to other places within the district.  
        • Rural Roads: Connect villages and rural areas, making up 80% of India’s roads.  
        • Other Roads: Includes Border Roads and International Highways.  
      • National Highways Authority of India (NHAI): Set up in 1995 to develop, maintain, and operate National Highways.  
      • National Highways Development Projects:
        • Golden Quadrilateral: 5,846 km long, connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.  
        • North-South Corridor: 4,076 km, connecting Srinagar to Kanyakumari.  
        • East-West Corridor: 3,640 km, connecting Silchar to Porbandar.  
      • Border Roads: Built in strategically important areas, often in challenging terrain like mountains.  
      • International Highways: Connect India with neighboring countries.  
    • Rail Transport:
      • Indian Railways has one of the world’s longest networks, moving both goods and people and contributing to economic growth.  
      • It is the largest government undertaking in India.  
      • Railway lines are classified by the distance between the rails (gauge):
        • Broad Gauge: 1.676 meters  
        • Meter Gauge: 1 meter  
        • Narrow Gauge: 0.762 or 0.610 meters  
      • India is replacing older lines with broad gauge and using more diesel and electric engines to improve speed and capacity.  
      • Konkan Railway: 760 km long, connecting Roha (Maharashtra) to Mangalore (Karnataka).  
  • Water Transport:

    • Inland Waterways:
      • Includes rivers, canals, and backwaters.  
      • It is a cheap and fuel-efficient way to move heavy and bulky goods.  
      • India has 14,500 km of navigable waterways.  
      • Inland Waterways Authority of India: Set up in 1986 to manage and develop waterways.  
      • Waterways are classified as National Waterways for development and maintenance.  
      • National Waterways:
        • NW 1: Ganga (Haldia-Allahabad)  
        • NW 2: Brahmaputra (Sadiya-Dhubri)  
        • NW 3: West Coast Canal (Kottapuram-Kollam)  
        • NW 4: Godavari and Krishna rivers  
        • NW 5: Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers  
      • Kerala’s backwaters are important for transport and tourism.  
    • Oceanic Waterways:
      • India has a long coastline with 12 major and 200 minor ports.  
      • These routes are crucial for international trade, carrying 95% of India’s foreign trade by volume and 70% by value.  
  • Air Transport:

    • The fastest way to travel, reducing travel time and connecting distant places.  
    • Important for a large country like India with diverse geography.  
    • Airport Authority of India: Manages air traffic and communication services.  
    • UDAN Scheme (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik): Makes flying more affordable and promotes regional connectivity.  
    • Pawan Hans: Helicopter service operating in hilly areas and serving the tourism and petroleum sectors.  
  • Pipelines:

    • Efficient for moving liquids and gases over long distances.  
    • Can also transport solids converted into slurry.  
    • Oil India Limited (OIL): Explores, produces, and transports crude oil and natural gas.  
    • GAIL (India) Limited: Transports and markets natural gas.  
    • Important pipelines in India transport crude oil and natural gas, like the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline.  

Communication Networks

  • Personal Communication:

    • Includes letters, telephones, telegrams, fax, email, and the internet.  
    • The internet is the most effective, providing access to information and enabling e-commerce.  
  • Mass Communication:

    • Includes radio, television, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and public meetings.  
    • Radio: Started in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay and quickly became popular. All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts various programs.  
    • Television: An effective way to share information and educate; Doordarshan (DD) is India’s public broadcaster.  
    • Satellite Communication:
      • India uses satellites for telecommunication, weather forecasting, and monitoring natural disasters.  
      • The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite System (IRS) are the two main satellite systems.  

Important Dates

  • 1853: First railway line in India  
  • 1911: First airmail operation  
  • 1923: First radio broadcast  
  • 1959: Television service begins in Delhi  
  • 1983: INSAT established  
  • 1988: IRS system operational  
  • 1998: Konkan Railway completed  

We hope that class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 Transport and Communication notes in English helped you. If you have any query about class 12 Geography Book 2 Chapter 7 Transport and Communication notes in English or about any other notes of class 12 Geography Book 2 in English, so you can comment below. We will reach you as soon as possible…

More Important Links

  • Class 12th
    • Class 12 All Video Courses
    • Class 12 All Important Notes 
    • Class 12 All Important Questions
    • Class 12 All Important Quizzes
    • Class 12 All Important Objective Questions
    • Class 12 All Sample Papers
    • Class 12 All Last Year Questions Papers
    • Class 12 All PDF E-books
  • Class 11th
    • Class 11 All Video Courses
    • Class 11 All Important Notes 
    • Class 11 All Important Questions
    • Class 11 All Important Quizzes
    • Class 11 All Important Objective Questions
    • Class 11 All Sample Papers
    • Class 11 All Last Year Questions Papers
    • Class 11 All PDF E-books
  • Class 10th
    • Class 10 All Video Courses
    • Class 10 All Important Notes 
    • Class 10 All Important Questions
    • Class 10 All Important Quizzes
    • Class 10 All Important Objective Questions
    • Class 10 All Sample Papers
    • Class 10 All Last Year Questions Papers
    • Class 10 All PDF E-books
Category: Class 12 Geography Notes in English

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Free WhatsApp Group

Free Telegram Group

Our Application

Class 12

  • Class 12 All Video Courses
  • Class 12 All Important Notes 
  • Class 12 All Important Questions
  • Class 12 All Important Quizzes
  • Class 12 All Important Objective Questions
  • Class 12 All Sample Papers
  • Class 12 All Last Year Questions Papers
  • Class 12 All PDF E-books

Class 11

  • Class 11 All Video Courses
  • Class 11 All Important Notes 
  • Class 11 All Important Questions
  • Class 11 All Important Quizzes
  • Class 11 All Important Objective Questions
  • Class 11 All Sample Papers
  • Class 11 All Last Year Questions Papers
  • Class 11 All PDF E-books

Class 10

  • Class 10 All Video Courses
  • Class 10 All Important Notes 
  • Class 10 All Important Questions
  • Class 10 All Important Quizzes
  • Class 10 All Important Objective Questions
  • Class 10 All Sample Papers
  • Class 10 All Last Year Questions Papers
  • Class 10 All PDF E-books

More Notes

  • Class 10 English Notes (32)
  • Class 10 Math Notes in English (0)
  • Class 10 Notes (0)
  • Class 10 Science Notes in English (0)
  • Class 10 Social Science Notes in English (0)
  • Class 11 Economics Notes in English (0)
  • Class 11 English Notes (21)
  • Class 11 Geography Notes in English (20)
  • Class 11 History Notes in English (7)
  • Class 11 Notes (0)
  • Class 11 Physical Education Notes in English (0)
  • Class 11 Political Science Notes in English (18)
  • Class 11 Sociology Notes in English (10)
  • Class 12 Economics Notes in English (1)
  • Class 12 English Notes (29)
  • Class 12 Geography Notes in English (32)
  • Class 12 History Notes in English (15)
  • Class 12 Home Science Notes in English (14)
  • Class 12 Notes (0)
  • Class 12 Physical Education Notes in English (10)
  • Class 12 Political Science Notes in English (18)
  • Class 12 Psychology Notes in English (7)
  • Class 12 Sociology Notes in English (14)
  • Class 9 English Notes (31)
  • Class 9 Math Notes in English (0)
  • Class 9 Notes (0)
  • Class 9 Science Notes in English (12)
  • Class 9 Social Science Notes in English (0)
  • Uncategorized (3)
  • Paths to Modernisation (Ch-7) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 7 in English ||
  • Displacing Indigenous Peoples (Ch-6) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 6 in English ||
  • Changing Cultural Traditions (Ch-5) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 5 in English ||
  • The Three Orders (Ch-4) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 4 in English ||
  • Nomadic Empires (Ch-3) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 3 in English ||
  • An Empire Across Three Continents (Ch-2) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 2 in English ||
  • Writing and City Life (Ch-1) Notes in English || Class 11 History Chapter 1 in English ||
  • The Philosophy of the Constitution (Ch-10) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 10 in English ||
  • Constitution as a Living Document (Ch-9) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 9 in English ||
  • Local Governments (Ch-8) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 8 in English ||
  • Federalism (Ch-7) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 7 in English ||
  • Judiciary (Ch-6) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 6 in English ||
  • Legislature (Ch-5) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 5 in English ||
  • Executive (Ch-4) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 4 in English ||
  • Election and Representation (Ch-3) Notes in English || Class 11 Political Science Book 2 Chapter 3 in English ||
© 2025 Criss Cross Classes | Powered by Minimalist Blog WordPress Theme