Chapter – 10

Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions

In this post we have given the detailed notes of class 12 Home Science Chapter 10 (Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions) in English. These notes are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

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Chapter 10: Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions

Introduction

• Importance of Care and Maintenance: Clothes are essential in various settings, including homes, industries, and institutions like hospitals and hotels. Proper care and maintenance ensure the longevity, hygiene, and appearance of clothes, contributing to their functionality and user satisfaction.  
• Objectives:
  • Understanding the significance of care and maintenance for various types of clothes and textile products.
  • Describing the concept and procedures for care and maintenance in hospitals and hotels.
  • Identifying the necessary equipment and their usage in the process.
  • Exploring career opportunities in this field.

Basic Concepts

• Laundering as a Science and Art: Laundering involves scientific principles related to fibers, fabrics, and cleaning agents, along with artistic skills for achieving aesthetically pleasing results.  
• Factors Affecting Care and Maintenance:
  • Fiber Content: Different fibers have different properties and require specific care. Natural fibers like cotton and linen are generally durable and washable, while synthetic fibers like polyester may require gentler care.  
  • Yarn and Fabric Construction: The way yarns are woven or knitted affects the fabric’s durability and cleaning requirements.  
  • Finishes: Fabric finishes like stain resistance or water repellency influence care procedures.  
  • Intended Use: Clothes used in different settings (e.g., hospitals, hotels, homes) have varying care requirements based on hygiene, aesthetics, and wear and tear.  

Laundering Process

• Washing:
  • Hand Washing: Traditional method using buckets, tubs, and scrubbing boards.  
  • Washing Machines:
    • Types: Top-loading, front-loading.
    • Automation: Fully automatic, semi-automatic, manual.
    • Features: Water level control, temperature control, washing mechanisms (agitation, pulsation, tumbling).  
• Rinsing: Thorough rinsing removes detergent residue, preventing stiffness and discoloration.  
• Water Extraction:
  • Methods: Spinning, bottom-drain, combination.  
  • Importance: Removes excess water, reducing drying time.  

Drying

• Open-Air Drying: Traditional and energy-efficient method.  
• Dryers:
  • Types: Low-temperature high-velocity, high-temperature low-velocity.  
  • Advantages: Faster drying, suitable for large quantities.  

Ironing and Pressing

• Ironing: Removes wrinkles and smooths the fabric.  
• Pressing: Creates creases and sharp edges.  
• Irons:
  • Types: Electric, coal-heated.  
  • Features: Temperature control, steam function.  

Institutional Laundering

• Hospitals:
  • Priorities: Hygiene, disinfection, infection control.  
  • Materials: Primarily cotton, with specific colors for different departments.  
  • Procedures: Focus on efficient washing and drying, with less emphasis on finishing.  
• Hotels:
  • Priorities: Aesthetics, final finishing, guest satisfaction.  
  • Materials: Variety of fibers and blends.  
  • Procedures: Include starching, pressing, and meticulous folding.  

Laundry Management

• Record Keeping: Essential for tracking items, maintaining inventory, and ensuring timely delivery.  
• Workflow: Efficient systems for collecting, sorting, washing, drying, finishing, and distributing laundry.  
• Equipment: Large-capacity washing machines, hydro-extractors, dryers, presses, and finishing equipment.  

Stain Removal

• Importance: Stains require special treatment before laundering to prevent setting and ensure complete removal.
• Factors to Consider:
  • Type of Stain: Different stains require specific cleaning agents and methods.  
  • Fabric Type: The fiber content and construction of the fabric influence stain removal techniques.  
  • Age of Stain: Fresh stains are generally easier to remove than old, set-in stains.  
• Common Stain Removal Techniques:
  • Blotting: Gently lifting the stain with a clean cloth.
  • Rinsing: Flushing the stain with cool water.
  • Pre-soaking: Soaking the stained item in a cleaning solution before laundering.
  • Using Stain Removers: Applying specific stain removers based on the type of stain and fabric.

Career Opportunities

• Laundry Management: Managing laundry operations in institutions or commercial laundries.  
• Entrepreneurship: Starting a laundry service business.  
• Textile and Apparel Industry: Working in laundry facilities within textile or apparel manufacturing companies.  
• Specialized Laundry Services: Providing services like dry cleaning, stain removal, or garment repair. 

Key Terms

• Laundry: The process of washing, drying, and ironing clothes and linens.
• Ironing: The process of smoothing wrinkles from fabric using a heated iron.
• Dry-cleaning: A cleaning process that uses chemical solvents instead of water.
• Disinfection: The process of killing or removing harmful microorganisms.
• Washing Machines: Appliances used to wash clothes.
• Hydro-extractors: Machines used to remove excess water from clothes.
• Calendar: A machine used to smooth and press fabric.
• Tunnel Laundry Systems: Automated systems for large-scale laundry processing.

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