Chapter – 4

Physical Education and Sports for CWSN

In this post we have given the detailed notes of class 12 Physical Education Chapter 4 (Physical Education and Sports for CWSN) in English. These notes are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Chapter 4: Physical Education and Sports for CWSN

1. Concept of Disability ♿

• Definition: Disability refers to any physical, mental, intellectual, developmental, cognitive, sensory, or a combination of these impairments that limit a person’s ability to perform certain tasks or activities.
• Causes: Disabilities can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired due to accidents, illnesses, or environmental factors.
• Types: Disabilities are broadly classified into physical, cognitive, intellectual, and multiple disabilities.

2. Types of Disabilities

• Physical Disabilities: These affect a person’s physical functioning, mobility, dexterity, or stamina. Examples include:
  • Visual impairment (blindness or low vision) 👁️
  • Hearing impairment (deafness or hearing loss) 👂
  • Locomotor disabilities (affecting movement, such as cerebral palsy or polio) 🚶
• Cognitive Disabilities: These affect a person’s mental processes, such as learning, memory, problem-solving, and attention. Examples include:
  • Learning disabilities (such as dyslexia or ADHD) 🧠
  • Intellectual disabilities (such as Down syndrome) 💡
• Intellectual Disabilities: These involve significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which originates before the age of 18.
• Multiple Disabilities: These involve a combination of two or more disabilities, such as intellectual disability with a physical disability. ➕

3. Causes of Disabilities ⚠️

• Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions or mutations can cause disabilities.
• Prenatal Factors: Complications during pregnancy, such as infections, malnutrition, or exposure to toxins, can lead to disabilities. 🤰
• Perinatal Factors: Birth injuries or premature birth can cause disabilities. 👶
• Postnatal Factors: Accidents, illnesses, malnutrition, or environmental factors can lead to disabilities after birth. 🤕

4. Concept of Disorder 🤔

• Definition: A disorder is a broader term that refers to any abnormality of structure or function that can affect a person’s health or well-being.
• Types: Disorders can be physical, mental, or developmental.
• Relationship to Disability: Some disorders can lead to disabilities if they cause significant impairments in functioning.

5. Types of Disorders ➗

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. 🏃
• Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD): A neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sensory information. 🧠
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behaviour. 🗣️
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A mental health disorder characterised by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviours. 🙇
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): A behavioural disorder characterised by a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behaviour. 😡

6. Disability Etiquette 🤝

• Respect: Treat individuals with disabilities with the same respect and dignity as anyone else.
• Person-First Language: Use person-first language, such as “person with a disability” instead of “disabled person.”
• Offer Assistance: Offer assistance if needed, but don’t assume that someone needs help.
• Communicate Clearly: Speak directly to the person, not their caregiver or interpreter.
• Be Patient: Allow extra time for communication and activities.

7. Benefits of Physical Activities for CWSN 💪

• Improved Physical Health: Increased strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness. ❤️
• Enhanced Mental Health: Reduced stress, anxiety, and depression; improved mood and self-esteem. 😃
• Increased Social Interaction: Opportunities to socialize with peers and build relationships. 🤝
• Improved Cognitive Function: Enhanced attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. 🧠
• Greater Independence: Increased ability to perform daily tasks and participate in community activities. 🤸

8. Strategies for Planning Physical Activities for CWSN 📝

• Individualised Approach: Consider each person’s unique abilities, needs, and preferences.
• Adaptations: Modify activities and equipment as needed to ensure accessibility and safety.
• Inclusion: Encourage participation in mainstream activities whenever possible.
• Collaboration: Work with parents, teachers, therapists, and other professionals to develop appropriate plans.
• Positive Reinforcement: Provide encouragement and support to promote motivation and enjoyment. 👍

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