Chapter – 5

Change and Development in Industrial Society

In this post we have given the detailed notes of class 12 Sociology Chapter 5 (Change and Development in Industrial Society) in English. These notes are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Printed Books Are Available Now!

Change and Development in Industrial Society

In this lesson, mainly we will understand the process of development of industrial society and try to know how the structure of this society has changed over time.

Industrialization

The development of industries in the society and the increasing use of machines in place of human labor in industries is called industrialization

Characteristics of Industrialization

• Industrialization is a process
• During this process, the process of production develops and mass production begins.
• In this development process, large machines and state-of-the-art technology are used.
• During industrialization, the production process becomes more dependent on machines rather than human labor;
• This process increases production

Industrial Society

A society which is undergoing the process of industrialization and in which industries play an important role is called industrial society.

Characteristics of Industrial Society

• Industrial society is divided into different classes
• All the people of the society share the same infrastructure but everyone has a different standard of living
• Technological development leads to an increase in the level of social development
• Urban society develops due to the process of industrialization and urbanization linked together
• There is a decrease in the connectedness of the individual and society

Benefits of Industrial Society

• High-paying jobs
• High standard of living
• End of caste discrimination
• Freedom to express yourself
• A sense of equality in society
• Development of urban area
• Division of Labour

Shortcomings of industrial society

• Economic division/ Difference Between Rich and Poor
• Difference in standard of living and lifestyle
• Lack of engagement between the individual and society
• Increase in crime rate
• Addiction to bad habits
• Exploitation of workers

Industrialization and Modernization

• The adoption of the highest level of ideas and processes present in the world is called modernization
• Industrialization and modernization are deeply linked to each other
• Industrialization. It is a part of the modernization process.

Indian Society and Industrialization

• Most of the experience during the process of industrialization in India is similar to that of the Western countries in many ways
• The process of industrialization in India is mainly divided into two stages
  • First Phase – Industrialization in the Early Years of Independence in India
  • Second Phase – India’s New Economic Policy Post-Industrialization 1991

First Phase Industrialization in the Early Years of Independence

• Many industries like cotton, jute, cotton, coal and railways developed during the colonial period before India’s independence.
• After independence, India adopted mixed economy
  • Mixed economy
    • Mixed economy included the characteristics of both socialism and capitalism. Small industries in the country were developed in the private sector and the government took the responsibility of developing large industries on its shoulders.
  • After independence, the Government of India emphasized on economic development and emphasized on the development of security, energy, transport, communication and mining industries.
  • Before independence, the main industries in India were developed only in those states where ports were present, for example Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata etc.
  • After independence, the Indian government emphasized on the development of other areas, which led to the development of industrial cities like Baroda, Pune, Coimbatore, Faridabad and Bengaluru

Second Phase India’s New Economic Policy Post-Industrialization 1991

• The new economic policy was adopted by narasimha rao’s government in 1991
• At that time, the Finance Minister of India was Dr. Manmohan Singh, who went on to become the Prime Minister of the country
• This new economic policy was called LPG
• The new economic policy led to the rapid growth of the Indian economy
• Many new industries were established and the process of industrialization of India got a boost.
• The main three aspects of the new economic policy were:
  • Liberalization,
  • Privatization,
  • Globalization

 Liberalization

• Through liberalization, the government wanted to simplify the policies of doing business so that trade within the country could increase and the pace of development would accelerate.

Privatization

• Privatization is the process of gradually handing over government companies to private hands, which increases the productivity and efficiency of companies.

Globalization

• Through globalization, the government made efforts to connect the Indian economy with the world economy, due to which the flow of goods and services in the country increased and the pace of development accelerated.

Features of the New Economic Policy

• Reducing government control over the economy
• Freeing industries from licensing process
• Reduce unnecessary restrictions
• Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment
• Freeing industries from the clutches of bureaucracy
• Emphasis on private sector development
• Reducing the influence of public sector in industries
• Encourage import and export
• Increase productivity and profit by privatizing public industries

Development of job acquisition process

• Along with the process of modernization, there is also a change in the process of getting employment for a person.
• For example:-
  • In olden times, a person got a job because of his personal relationships.
  • Gradually, this process changed and advertisements published in newspapers and magazines became the basis of job acquisition.
  • In today’s modern society, the process of applying on the website of companies to get a job in multinational companies started.

Process of industrialization and production

• Due to industrialization, there has been a big change in the process of production
• In the present era, in big multinational companies, the entire process and workers are controlled by the managers
• Modern methods are used to increase production
• Machines are used more than workers in the production process
• The process of modernization has led to the emergence of new areas of employment
• For example:-
  • Software Engineer etc.

We hope that class 12 Sociology Book 2 Chapter 5 (Change and Development in Industrial Society) notes in English helped you. If you have any query about class 12 Sociology Book 2 Chapter 5 (Change and Development in Industrial Society) notes in Hindi or about any other notes of class 12 Sociology in English, so you can comment below. We will reach you as soon as possible…